GMC · Investigation Letter Guide

GMC Investigation Letter: First Steps for Doctors

By CrownEthics Reviewed by qualified professionals 13 min read Updated 24 August 2026

If you've received a letter from the GMC saying a concern has been raised about your fitness to practise, the single most important thing right now is your written response, a strong Rule 7 response can close a case before it ever reaches a hearing. At CrownEthics, we built this guide around what actually happens at each stage, not generic reassurance.

Do this first

The first 48 hours

1

Contact your medical defence organisation immediately. This is your first call, before drafting anything, whether the letter is a Rule 4 or Rule 7 notice.

2

Do not contact the person who raised the concern. However well-intentioned, this can be read as trying to influence the process.

3

Read the letter carefully, twice. Note which stage it represents, the specific allegation, and the response deadline, usually 28 days for a Rule 7 letter.

4

Don't respond immediately from instinct. A rushed, defensive first draft is harder to walk back than a considered one submitted within the deadline.

5

Start gathering your own record of events while it's fresh, dates, context, and any relevant documentation.

How common is this, really?

The GMC triaged around 13,465 concerns about doctors in 2025, out of 410,566 registered doctors, up 25% on 2024's 10,769, the largest year-on-year increase in 20 years. Most never reach a formal investigation, and most that do never reach a hearing.

13,465Concerns triaged in 2025
6–12Months, triage to case examiner decision
28Days, typical Rule 7 response deadline

Referrals come from a wide range of sources, patients and families most commonly, followed by employers, the police, and occasionally the GMC itself, where a media report raises a concern. Many complaints are closed at triage, sometimes without the doctor ever being told a complaint existed, or are referred to the doctor's Responsible Officer for local-level handling instead.

The process, stage by stage

Every case moves through some or all of these stages. Open the one you're actually at.

1Triage & Rule 4Weeks, if closed here+
The GMC checks whether the concern, if proven, could indicate impaired fitness to practise. Many cases close here, or get referred locally to your Responsible Officer. If the threshold is met, you'll receive a Rule 4 letter marking the formal start of the investigation.
2Rule 7 investigation6–12 months+
You'll receive a Rule 7 letter setting out the formal allegations and evidence, with roughly 28 days to respond. This response is one of the most consequential documents in the whole process, a strong one can close a case at the next stage.
3Case examiners' decisionOne medical, one lay+
Two decision-makers review everything and decide the outcome: no further action, a warning (published on the register for two years), agreed undertakings, or referral to the MPTS for a hearing.
4MPTS hearing12+ months, if referred+
The Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service is independent of the GMC, it's the tribunal, not the GMC, that decides impairment and sanction. A panel of lay and medical members, chaired by a legally qualified chair, hears the full case.

Worth knowing honestly: complex cases referred to a hearing can take one to three years from first letter to final outcome. A long timeline reflects thoroughness, not necessarily severity.

What actually changes the outcome

Worked example

Two doctors each receive a Rule 7 letter about a similar consent concern. Doctor A's response disputes the allegation point by point and offers little else. Doctor B's response acknowledges the specific gap, sets out the CPD and process changes already completed since, and reflects honestly on the impact on the patient. Same underlying event, materially different likely outcome, because Doctor B demonstrated exactly the insight and remediation case examiners are trained to weigh.

There's a genuine, learnable structure behind a response like Doctor B's, it doesn't come from instinct alone. Our Insight course breaks down the exact four-part framework case examiners are trained to weigh.

Understanding what went wrong is only half of what case examiners are actually assessing. The other half is evidence it's genuinely been put right, specific CPD, a changed process, not a promise. Our Remediation course is built specifically to help you build that evidence properly.

For the fuller picture beyond just Rule 4 and Rule 7, our Fitness to Practise course walks through every stage in depth, and it's built for every UK regulator, not just the GMC.

What panels are actually measuring you against

Case examiners and MPTS panels assess concerns against Good Medical Practice 2024, not vague professional judgement. Knowing precisely which domain your letter touches, and what it actually requires, changes how you write your response. Our GMC Ethics course maps every principle to real clinical scenarios, so you can identify exactly where your case sits.

If an interim order is on the table

Where the GMC believes there's a serious, immediate risk, it can refer the matter to an Interim Orders Tribunal, an independent MPTS panel that can impose restrictions or suspension for up to 18 months, with mandatory six-monthly reviews. This is precautionary, not a finding of guilt, but it moves fast and warrants immediate representation.

When the concern is about your everyday conduct, not one incident

Not every case centres on a single clinical decision. Sometimes the pattern under scrutiny is broader, probity, communication, handovers, standing conduct rather than a discrete event. Our GMC Professionalism course addresses exactly that side of the standard.

Questions answered

Frequently asked questions

How long does a GMC investigation usually take?+
Straightforward cases are often closed at triage within weeks. A full investigation typically takes 6 to 12 months to reach a case examiner decision, and cases referred onward to an MPTS hearing commonly take 12 months or more on top of that, sometimes one to three years in total for complex cases.
Will a GMC concern definitely end my career?+
No. Most concerns close at triage or with case examiners without ever reaching a hearing. Removal from the register is reserved for the most serious cases, and outcomes like no further action, a warning, or undertakings are far more common.
What's the difference between a Rule 4 and a Rule 7 letter?+
A Rule 4 letter marks the formal start of an investigation, allegations may not be fully detailed yet. A Rule 7 letter sets out the specific allegations and evidence, and formally invites your written response, usually within 28 days.
Can I keep working while under investigation?+
In most cases, yes. Your registration continues as normal unless an Interim Orders Tribunal has imposed restrictions or suspension, which is reserved for cases involving a serious, immediate risk.
Do I need a solicitor, or is my defence organisation enough?+
Your medical defence organisation is usually the right first call. A solicitor may become relevant for more complex or serious cases, particularly ahead of an MPTS hearing, often on your defence organisation's own recommendation.
Does the GMC decide the outcome, or the MPTS?+
Different bodies. The GMC investigates and case examiners decide most outcomes. The Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service is independent of the GMC and decides impairment and sanction only for cases referred to a full hearing.
What happens if I don't respond to the letter?+
The process continues regardless, based on whatever evidence the GMC already has. Not responding removes your opportunity to shape the outcome with your own account, insight, and evidence of any action already taken, it doesn't pause or stop anything.
Will my employer be told about the investigation?+
The GMC doesn't automatically notify your employer as a routine step. That said, many employment contracts and NHS policies carry their own separate duty to disclose an ongoing regulatory concern, and an interim order, if one is imposed, is recorded on the public register, which an employer can check.

This is educational content, not legal advice. If you're facing a live GMC concern, contact your medical defence organisation ASAP.